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Please refer to today's release for reconciliation of the non-IFRS financial measures to the most comparable measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. In addition, Oatly has posted a supplemental presentation on its website for reference. With that, I'd now like to turn the call over to Jean-Christophe.

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Brian, and good morning, everyone. Slide 5 has the key messages I want you to take away from today's presentation. First, during the second quarter, we continue to make good progress on strengthening the business and moving toward achieving profitable growth. You can see that clearly in our accelerated top-line growth and improved margins as well as how we are activating the brand in each of our markets.

This continued improvement is driven by our progress on our 2024 strategic priorities of bringing the Oatly magic to more people, continuing our calibration of resources, and a continued focus on executional excellence. Finally, given our solid performance through the first half of the fiscal year and an increased confidence in our second-half performance, we are updating our full-year guidance to be slightly more favorable than the previous outlook. We now expect constant currency revenue growth in the range of 6% to 10%, compared to our prior guidance of 5% to 10%. Adjusted EBITDA in the range of minus $35 million to minus $50 million, compared to our prior guidance of minus $35 million to minus $60 million.

And capital expenditures to be below $70 million, compared to our higher guidance of below $75 million. Turning now to our report card on Slide 6. Here, you can see we continue to make good progress on our journey toward profitable growth. As you can see, total company volume accelerated to a strong 10% year-over-year increase in the quarter as we drove volume growth in every region.

Gross margin increased sequentially by approximately 200 basis points in this quarter to 29%, which is 10 full percentage points higher than last year's second quarter. This is a significant improvement from the 11% margin we reported for the full year 2022. We still have plenty of work to do to get to our longer-term target, but we are clearly making good progress. Similarly, we have made noteworthy progress on our adjusted EBITDA.

In 2022, we reported quarterly losses between $53 million to $83 million. Today, we are reporting a quarterly loss of just $11 million and our fourth consecutive quarter of sequentially improving adjusted EBITDA. Slide 7 gives you an update on where the operating segments are on their respective improvement plans. Recall that we have been methodically applying the same transformation formula to each region.

We started our work with our Europe and international segment. Our progress in Europe built our confidence in our approach. We then applied the same framework to our North America segment, and we gained further confidence. And one year ago, we began applying the framework to our Greater China segment.

As such, our European international segment is the furthest along, and it has been consistently driving profitable growth, while reinvesting in brand building and innovation. The next stage of this segment will be increasing demand generating investments to drive accelerated growth via new markets and new occasions. Our North America segment has been making continued progress, and I am pleased to report the North America segment reported its full quarter of profitable growth in the second quarter. This segment will continue to focus on driving awareness, trial and repeat purchases across all channels, while continuing to be disciplined on costs.

As you all know, our Greater China business has been executing very well on its improvement plan we announced just one year ago on our second-quarter 2023 earnings call. After a year of focused execution, I am proud to announce the segment generated positive adjusted EBITDA for one month during the quarter. I recognize that one month is just one month, but this is a clear sign that segment is moving in the right direction. And as we move forward, this segment will be balancing growth and profitability as we continue to execute on the improvement plan.

Slide 8 is a reminder of the strategic pillars we are focused on in 2024. The first one is bringing the Oatly magic to more people. In Europe and international, we are engaging with new consumers in new occasions, while also making very good progress in our geographical expansion strategy. In the U.S., we have increased our distribution compared to one year ago.

And in Greater China, we have seen positive test results with China's largest coffee chain, which is helping us expand our reach in a disciplined manner. Our second pillar is to continue to work on the calibration of resources across SG&A and the supply chain. We remain on track with both our previously announced SG&A cost saving program as well as our previously announced exit of our manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and the U.K.

And we are continuing to evaluate our options in our Asian supply chain. The final pillar we are focused on this year is execution of excellence. As I work with our teams across the globe, I'm glad to see our culture is maintaining the disruptive mindset that made Oatly a global phenomenon, while also being increasingly disciplined on execution. Having both at the same time within the same organization is rare, and therefore, I believe our culture is truly unique.

Turning to Slide 9, where I want to bring this pillar to light a bit more. Our work on these three strategic pillars are not necessarily discrete projects that fall neatly into one individual bucket. Our partnership with EF Pro Cycling is a good example of how we are executing on these three strategic priorities all in one project. First, this partnership is clearly focused on bringing the Oatly magic to more people by increasing awareness of our brand.

EF Pro Cycling is extremely focused on nutrition, and we are excited to partner with them as their official performance partner. This partnership also demonstrates how we are continuing to be efficient with our resource allocation to benefit all three operating segments. More specifically, let's reflect on the fact that EF Pro Cycling is an American team that just finished competing in the European race that has a global audience. Finally, I think the execution of this partnership has been fantastic so far, announcing it right as the Tour de France media frenzy kicked off and EF team is executing as well.

Richard Carapaz wore the yellow jersey for one day early in the race and then had multiple achievements later on, which has helped draw significant amount of attention to the team and to our brands. Turning to Slide 7. During the quarter, we started reclaiming our why and our reason for being. We know we have a unique brand voice that can gain a lot of attention.

So we decided to pivot from using our brand voice in a slightly less self-indulgent way, but to lead the conversation of the necessary transformation of our food system, reconciling health for people and the planet. We run a campaign to urge European citizens to vote and to keep climate change in mind as they do so. At the same time, we engaged with thousands of coffee customers and consumers offering free oatmeal coffee to the many who voted. We know our unique tone of voice gain attention, but we also know substance generate relevance.

So as we move forward, our brand campaigns will keep this unique coffee voice and will be doubling down on substance, relevance, and demand generation so that we can drive forward our company's mission. Before I turn the call over to Daniel, I want to turn to Slide 11 and give you our priorities for the second half of the year. The organization will be completing our work on the calibration of resources. We will continue to invest in demand generation to drive conversion and an acceleration of growth.

As we invest, we will maintain cost discipline and ensure we are focused on high-return investments. And finally, we will maintain our North Star of driving the business toward structural, consistent, profitable growth. With that, my dear Daniel, over to you.

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

Thank you, J.C., and good morning, everyone. I'll begin my discussion on Slide 13 with our largest operating segment that is European international. This segment reported solid results in the quarter with constant currency revenue growth of 7.5%, approximately in line with Quarter 1. Adjusted EBITDA of $12.6 million was slightly below Quarter 1's level, largely due to seasonality and timing of promotional events and investments.

On a year-on-year basis, we were very much higher than last year's Quarter 2 levels. On Slide 14, you can see we're seeing broad-based strength in the segment. The retail side of the business grew 7% and the foodservice side grew 9% in the quarter. As we have discussed in the past, we believe there is significant opportunity to drive solid robust growth in the foodservice channel.

On the right-hand side, you can see our established markets grew volume by a solid 6% in the quarter. These are markets where we have operated for many years and they continue to drive solid mid-single-digit growth rates. The European markets where we have recently expanded, drove a strong 24% volume growth in the quarter. So overall, we are executing very well.

Slide 15 shows the retail channel data for some of our largest new European markets. You can clearly see here, we are driving the entire category. For instance, in Spain, which is the second largest plant-based beverage market in Europe, and in Belgium, which is the oldest and where the category was first created. In essence, Oatly catalyzes growth once we enter a market.

The same dynamics we experienced when we entered markets like the U.K. or Germany in the past. I have said it in the past and I will say it again and again, there is a clear difference between the underlying trends of plant-based drinks versus oat milk and then versus Oatly. Turning to Slide 16.

As J.C. said earlier, we are refocusing our brand efforts on substance and demand generation in a thoughtful and strategic manner. Here you can see how our European international segment has been using our unique voice to drive brand awareness, while pushing forward on our mission to transform the food system, so people do not have to choose between their health and the planet. In Spain, we're driving awareness, engagement, and our genuine commitment to transparency via campaign idea that Brian won't let me say, but that you can read on the slide yourselves.

As J.C. mentioned earlier, across Europe, we ran our VOAT, V-O-A-T campaign during the recent elections. And we recently launched in Mexico City, where we are excited to bring the Oatly magic too. Slide 17 shows we are pairing these awareness driving campaigns with on the ground cultural experience event, a proven magnet for young generations that love the Oatly brand and can experience it via surprises, new collaborations, partnerships and crossovers with other categories.

For example, for five weeks this summer, we have a pop-up store in Paris Le Marais. We are collaborating with local, culturally relevant Parisian brands. These involve our two most amazing product experiences, our soft serve and plenty of coffee with Oatly Barista. Likewise, in Shoreditch, London, we opened the Paradise Arches, our very own pop-up club in collaboration with Malibu, where celebrities and consumers can enjoy our Pina Oatlada, the perfect summer treats of a Malibu flavored drink or soft serve.

And I can go on and on, city by city across Europe, bringing our unique brand to more people in the most surprising and culturally relevant way. Then as you can see on Slide 18, our brand uniqueness does not stop there. Selectively, but increasingly, we activate in-store in the same provocative way. Never transactional, always surprising.

This slide shows just one recent example from Hamburg, where we built seven great pyramids in one of Germany's largest retailers. They become true tourist attractions with a hop-on, hop-off tour bus, postcards and T-shirts, unusual surprising in market executions with these events that drove a significant amount of consumer buzz. You should expect more of this type of thoughtful, disciplined brand activity in each of our segments as we move forward. Turning to our North America segment on Slide 19.

This segment's Quarter 2 results are a direct result of disciplined execution throughout the entire organization and staying true to our North Star of profitable growth. We reported nearly 10% revenue growth, and I'm very happy to report the segment was profitable in the quarter. Slide 20 focuses on our retail performance, which is just over half of the segment's net sales. The strong 13% growth in measured channels has led to market share gains in oat milk of 370 basis points year on year.

Our products are showing up well on shelves, both chilled and ambient, and our dollar velocities per point of distribution remain nearly three times higher than our nearest competitor. On Slide 21, you can see the segment's foodservice sales grew nearly 9% in the quarter. Our strategy of nurturing our existing business, while expanding into the higher growth, higher margin areas of the foodservice channel is clearly working. Turning now to the Greater China segment on Slide 22.

Volume growth has accelerated to over 26% in the quarter, which translates into 20% growth when compared to two years ago. This strong growth was largely aided by the successful limited-time offer test with China's largest coffee chain I mentioned on last quarter's call. To give you perspective of this, their size and potential impact, this test has already driven them to be the segment's second largest customer base on a year-to-date net sales. Over the coming months, we will be executing another test with them with a broader menu offering.

Because this customer focuses on the lower price value tier, there is an impact to this segment's price mix line in the sales bridge. We are comfortable with this because of the clear positive margin impact this volume drives through fixed cost absorption as well as the visible momentum it generates. Let's discuss this segment's profitability on Slide 23. The segment's adjusted EBITDA was just below breakeven in the quarter.

And importantly, though, it did report positive adjusted EBITDA for 1 month during the quarter. The right side of the page shows the trend in the segment's COGS of goods per liter, the 18% reduction quarter over quarter, which is largely driven by the higher volume leading to in growth absorption. So while we remain cautious and continue to monitor the consumer macroenvironment in the region, we're pleased with the progress so far in our Greater China segment. I will now turn the call over to M.J., Marie-Jose David.

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Daniel, and good morning, everyone. Slide 25 shows an overview of the quarterly P&L. We reported 3.2% year-over-year revenue growth and constant currency revenue growth of 3.9%. Gross margin for the quarter was 29.2%, which is 1,000 basis points higher than a year ago.

Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $11 million which is $41.5 million improvement compared to last year's second quarter. Overall, we had a solid performance in the quarter and the first half. Slide 26 shows the bridging items of our total company portfolio revenue growth. Volume grew 9.6% and price mix was a 5.7% headwind for a 3.9% constant currency revenue growth.

Foreign exchange was a headwind of 0.7%, resulting in a 3.2% total revenue growth for the quarter. Slide 27 shows the revenue bridge by segment. J.C. and Daniel's presentation outlined everything we're doing in each region to drive solid growth.

And the other takeaway of this slide is that each region drove solid volume growth as our strategic initiatives and growth plans continue to work. Europe and international continued to report solid growth with 7.5% constant currency revenue growth led by 5.7% volume growth. North America's revenue growth of 9.7% was driven mainly by the strong 8.3% volume growth. Greater China, 15.9% constant currency decline was driven largely by the actions we have taken as part of the segment's strategic reset plan we announced on last year's second-quarter earnings call.

The sales headwinds in the quarter from the strategic reset were partially offset by sales to a new customer that is focused on the lower price value tier. This customer mix has a clear impact on the segment's bridge with a large volume increase and an impact on price mix. Since we will start to anniversary the reset next quarter, we expect Greater China to report a more favorable constant currency growth next quarter. Since we are running another LTO with this large customer, we expect the bridging lines to continue to be impacted at least in Q3.

Slide 28 shows the drivers of our 1,000 basis points year-over-year gross margin expansion. The biggest item is a 700 basis point increase driven by absorption and supply chain improvements. The 9.6% volume growth has drive this as did our teams' continued dedication to removing cost and inefficiencies. Our net pricing and product mix improved margin by 240 basis points.

This was largely driven by the actions we take in done in Greater China to eliminate lower-margin products. Foreign exchange increased our margin by 60 basis points and inflation was roughly neutral to margin. Slide 29 shows that year-over-year improvement in our adjusted EBITDA was driven by a roughly equal balance between gross profit and SG&A. As we move forward, we expect gross profit to be the main driver of profit improvement as the benefits of our SG&A savings program eventually roll off and we invest in demand generation.

Slide 30 shows our adjusted EBITDA by segment. Each segment continues to report a significant improvement compared to the prior year, while corporate was approximately flat as it contains the expenses related to some of the global initiatives that benefits all segments, such as the EF Pro Cycling partnership Jean-Christophe mentioned. For the first quarter in a row, the sum total of the adjusted EBITDA of the three regions was positive. On top of that, I am pleased our North America segment reported its first quarter of positive adjusted EBITDA and the Greater China segment was just below breakeven.

It continues to be clear the strategic actions have been taking are driving concrete results. Turning to our balance sheet and cash flow on Slide 31. The biggest takeaways are that our cash flow remains on track with our plans. We remain fully funded and our liquidity remains strong at $335 million.

The chart on the right is our quarterly cash flow bridge. In the quarter, our total cash balance decreased by $66 million compared to Q1. Recall from last quarter, I said the cash impact from exiting our manufacturing in the U.K. and U.S.

will hit in different parts of the cash flow statement, with some hitting free cash flow and some hitting elsewhere. In Q2, we had a net cash impact of $26 million related to this plant exit with $24 million flowing through free cash flow. Year to date, we are at the net cash outflow of $13 million and we remain on track for the exit to have no more than a $20 million total cash outflow. As I have said previously, improving our cash flow is a priority for me and our organization is focused on it.

Slide 32 shows our updated 2024 guidance. Now that we have completed the first half of the year and slightly exceeded our internal expectations, we are increasing our guidance for our P&L metrics and lowering our guidance for capex needs. We expect constant currency growth in the range of 6% to 10%, and we continue to expect foreign exchange to have a minimum impact. We continue to expect the second half constant currency growth rate to be stronger than the first half.

As a reminder, starting in the first quarter, our Greater China segment will start to anniversary the strategic reset. We expect this conversion to benefit the segment's year-over-year growth rate in the second half. Also as a reminder, in the fourth quarter, the North America segment will anniversary the large retail distribution gains it saw from the strategic reset, which we expect to impact the segment growth in the fourth quarter. For adjusted EBITDA, we expect to report a loss of between $35 million and $50 million in 2024.

We have chosen to take a portion of our first half profit outperformance and reinvest it into branding activities, especially in our Europe and international segment. Finally, we expect capex to be below $70 million for 2024, which is $5 million lower than the previously expected. This concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, we are now prepared to take questions.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first question comes from Ken Goldman with J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.

Ken Goldman -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you. I wanted to ask a little bit about the cadence of pricing for the rest of the year. Obviously, there was a big deceleration in China in the second quarter.

I know you had some comments about China in the back half of the year. Unfortunately, I don't know if I had a tough connection or it was a little tough to hear. But if you could just repeat what you said about China back half growth and kind of potentially weave thoughts about pricing in that segment and really around the world. That would be helpful.

Thank you.

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

OK. How are you doing, Ken? It's Daniel here. I will start by addressing China in particular, but your question is the most specific. And then I'll try to give you a color of the overall outlook on pricing, but perhaps in general, right? So in China, we made solid progress during the quarter knowing that the Quarter 2 year-on-year net revenue growth does not fully reflect the progress because it's still impacted by the strategic resets we've executed over the past year.

One area in which we made very solid progress this quarter, Ken, is the added addition of a new very important customer that operates in the growing and important mid-priced tier segment. So as we said in the prepared remarks, we are not concerned about that. And this overall value creation from the SG&A reset, the higher volume, and stronger absorption can be seen in the overall company margin performance and the segment's EBITDA reported figure. So as we move forward again in China, we expect to solidify this Quarter 2 performance helped by a more favorable base as we lap the last year's reset.

So it's all the price mix and the effect of the reset overall. Then when it comes to general pricing assumptions, Ken, in terms of outlook, in Europe, expect consistent year-on-year solid performance across the P&L lines. And in North America, we expect consistent performance and a slight improvement driven by more favorable overall base and less headwinds, thanks to the new terms agreed with that important customer in foodservice we've mentioned before. So as you can see, I'm not addressing specifically pricing, but you can see the different mix volume, growth effects, and the overall equation, Ken, and hope that's OK.

Ken Goldman -- Analyst

That's helpful. Thank you. And just a follow-up, if I may. As you think about the ranges of your top and bottom line guidance, are there any particular risks or upside scenarios that we should think of that might be the most important just as you were kind of crafting the updated guidance.

Any particular underlying factors we should think about that might lead to the higher or lower end?

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Ken, for the follow-up question. J.C. speaking. First, I think it's important to know that we are pleased with our performance in the first half of the year, and we have outperformed our internal expectations.

Specifically, on the top line, as we said, we have delivered the expected gains in distribution in both new and existing markets. We've made progress on selling in our new products to customer, and we made progress as well driving trial with consumers. On the bottom line, we've just shared with you the progress we have made both on the supply chain recalibration as well as SG&A recalibration. So the fact that we are seeing our actions both on results calibration and demand generation delivered the expected results has led us to update our guidance.

Now double clicking on your question, how have we calibrated our new guidance range? Since we have been seeing good traction in many of our demand generating activities, we've decided to take a portion of our first-half outperformance and reinvest it into additional demand driving investments to help further accelerate the growth in the second half and going into 2025. As a consequence, the unfavorable end of our EBITDA range now assumes that this investment would not bring the full return we saw in H1. Thank you, Ken.

Operator

The next question comes from Michael Lavery with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

Thank you. I just was wondering if you could unpack the EBITDA thinking a little bit. And maybe just, any cadence, is there -- you've shown, let's say, for the gross margin, they're kind of pretty steady improvement. Should we just think about EBITDA the same way through the back half? And can you give a sense, and sorry if I might have missed this, but any updated thoughts on when total company positive EBITDA would be within reach?

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you so much, Michael. J.C., again, good to hear you. I think let's be super clear upfront, achieving profitable growth is and remains our unique North Star, and I am and we are fully committed to it. Clearly, as you have just heard, we are pleased with the significant structural progresses we have made so far, illustrated Exhibit 1, gross margin increase Exhibit 2, SG&A recalibration that we have highlighted in our prepared remarks and just in our conversation with Ken.

Having said this, we know we still have plenty of work to do to get to our longer-term targets, and this is exactly why we know because we know we still have remaining progress journey in front of us with three segments in three different situation of maturity, execution, and performance that I don't want us to commit to a specific date of reaching profitability. We want to continue to make the right decisions day by day, one after the other to bring this business to profitable growth as quickly as possible. And I don't want us to make this decision for what is -- I want us to make this decision for what is right for the business and not to land on a specific date.

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

OK. That's helpful. And then just a follow-up on SG&A, I guess, tied to corporate costs. You've talked about some of the SG&A cost savings, but corporate at least has been pretty flat.

Is that the right expense level? Should we expect it to stay there? Is there any room for improvement going forward there? Or just how to think about what the SG&A impact is on that corporate line?

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes, sure. Michael. This is Marie-Jose speaking. You're right.

We mentioned that it's pretty flat compared to last year, but we also mentioned, right, that it includes expenses related to some global initiatives that benefit all segments. So this is the takeaway of the quarter. Now we continue to work definitely on SG&A recalibration. We have done some -- if you recall, we have already shared that we have done two rounds of savings program.

We continue to work on that, and we continue to deliver on a long-term target, as J.C. just mentioned. So corporate, we expect corporate to be approximately flat going forward.

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

So all the SG&A cuts are just in the segments then? Is it just that simple?

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

I did not understand the question. Sorry, Michael. Say that again?

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

Well -- so yes, so I guess, at least where it nets out if you're making these SG&A cuts, they really are within the segments and corporate costs are just kind of running steady. Is that the right way to think about it?

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes, absolutely. Overall, yes.

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

OK. All right, thanks a lot.

Operator

And the next question comes from Kaumil Gajrawala with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Good morning. I guess good afternoon depending on where you are. We're hearing a lot about the slowdown in away-from-home consumption at coffee shops and foodservice and across sort of the board.

As you think about sort of that incremental upside that you're reinvesting into the business, can you maybe just talk about is it in an effort to sort of bend the curve on what's happening on that side? Or is it in -- is it more broad in terms of where you're spending it?

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

Kaumil, how are you doing? This is Daniel. Just to double click on your question to make sure I understand and responded properly. Are you talking about the generalized market slowdown? Or are you referring to us?

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

Generalized market slowdown.

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

OK. Thank you for your question. No, I have to go back to not just to these prepared remarks, but to the few last ones, which we don't see such a slowdown for ourselves. We have consistently invested resources both quality and quantity across the three regions, and we're pretty pleased with the progress we are making.

You will recall significant growth in the channel, which I have referred a few -- in a few occasions for us has different layers within the channel, different subsegments in which we balance both accelerated growth and profitability -- margin and profitability. So we see a good picture ahead of us that you can see already in the numbers and the outlook is positive too. We will continue to invest on this because this is where we do bring the Oatly magic. J.C.

talks about it in every single remark. This is where the consumers experience the brands and we see a bright outlook for us, Kaumil. I hope that's helpful.

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

Thank you. Yeah, that's helpful. And then when I think about or I guess when we all think about the exit costs, a lot of these sort of onetime cash or non-cash exit costs for things, are we largely complete? Or should we expect more over the course of the year?

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

So this is Marie-Jose. In the prepared remarks, you saw that we have called out year-to-date $13 million out of the $20 million that we have announced a quarter ago -- two quarters ago. So we have $7 million to go. Those $7 million will occur as we have already planned, which is through the end of fiscal 2025.

So definitely, we're on track and really nothing to call out here.

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

OK. Great. So nothing else? That's everything according to plan, I guess?

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, correct.

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Kaumil.

Operator

The next question comes from Dara Mohsenian with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Dara Mohsenian -- Analyst

Hi, guys. Just to follow up on Michael's question, any flavor on Q3 versus Q4 EBITDA progression specifically in the back half of the year? Just trying to frame the quarterly EBITDA progress as we think about your path to profitability. And specifically as you look out to 2025, I know you won't lay out goals today, but can you just discuss conceptually, are there additional cost savings you think you can go after for 2025, just after the profitability focus here in 2024?

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you so much. Great to have you on the call. J.C. speaking.

So first of all, broadly on your quarter-on-quarter comparison. I think broadly, you can expect Q4 being better than Q3. But of course, as you know, we will not be guiding by quarter, so that's the trend I want you to have. And just building on your second point, which is SG&A and building on what Marie-Jose has well explained earlier.

First, let's share our belief. Our belief is that in any business, the chase for efficiency should never stop. We are constantly and will always dynamically look for ways to become more efficient. It's our competitiveness duty of any business to permanently adapt and adjust, and this applies across the entire company.

So that's what we will be doing. Clearly, we are not trying to signal that we are planning new massive SG&A reductions. What we are saying is, we want to complete our work on the previously communicated reductions. And then we believe that once this is done, we believe that our SG&A structure in total will be the appropriate size for the company.

So more work to do, a mindset of permanent efficiency change overall in the company at the service of our mission.

Dara Mohsenian -- Analyst

Great. Thanks.

Operator

And the next question comes from John Baumgartner with Mizuho. Please go ahead.

John Baumgartner -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Hi. Good morning. Thanks for the question. Maybe first off, for Marie-Jose, in terms of the free cash, what was behind the provision that was recorded in Q2 in cash from operations? That line has been volatile over the last couple of quarters and had a big impact on Q2 cash.

I guess, aside from that, what are your expectations for cash burn in the back half of the year? And is it possible to see cash from operations turn positive at some point? Or is that still a little bit optimistic?

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

Hi, there. Let me just answer to the first one. Provisions wise, we are talking about the legal settlements. We are talking about the severances, so this is the two big buckets.

When it comes to our liquidity position, we remain strong in our liquidity position, right? We are at $335 million and our cash positions remained sufficient to fully fund our business plan. Now if you look at what happened in this quarter, you have noticed as well the past quarter that we have called exceptional elements such as exiting our factories. Looking forward, those elements will not happen. So when you look at the way of how you want to model our liquidity, keep in mind that we had, over the past two quarters, some exceptional elements that saved up to $31 million that will not happen moving forward.

This is what I can say. I'm not going to give you guidance on the phasing. But keep in mind, strong cash, $335 million exceptional elements as we speak. And definitely, what I want to say is that, big focus on liquidity, big focus on cash through what we already discussed, which is improvement in adjusted EBITDA, which is improvement in net working capital metrics.

And as you noted this quarter, we have reduced as well our capex, so through capex management. Hope that helps.

John Baumgartner -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

OK. Thanks for that. And then, Daniel, in terms of your newer markets in Europe, in some of these markets like Spain, it's more of a private label market with smaller brands and sort of lacks a dominant branded leader. Then you have other markets like France where you've got one big branded company with dominant market share and the influence of private label and smaller brands is comparatively lower.

To what extent are you managing your entry approaches differently based on the different competitive landscapes in these markets? I'm curious how you're navigating that and what you're seeing in terms of the competitive response.

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

Fabulous. Thank you, John. One of my favorite topics. Listen, you're absolutely right to call out that we don't take any market as equal.

As you have just seen, for instance, we just recently launched in Mexico, no market is alike. What is alike obviously is our model, which is proven to work in any of them so far. So I will put a spin on your question, if you don't mind. But first, by giving you an overall view about the new markets.

We're really, really excited about the progress we're making. And we, as you can imagine, we've thought long and hard about starting to show progress in these quarterly calls. Every city we land, we have now proof that the magic of the brand and how these markets are prepared to welcome Oatly with open arms is really material. So that's number one there.

When we are executing the model that I just called out, like in France, Spain or Belgium, we are growing in triple digits. It's pretty impressive. So -- and you see the impact. No matter how different the market is, it seems to be lifting the overall category growth to very significant levels, whether it's France or Spain.

What I would -- I wouldn't categorize them as private label or not. That's what you may see in the numbers. The reality is when looking at the level of maturity, which is totally different. The uptake in coffee space, which you cannot see in numbers in any market data, is tremendous.

And the speed, which we also reach the No. 1 velocity in the retail space in this market is extraordinary. We are now the No. 1 turning brand in Spain, France and Belgium.

So it's pretty impressive. This is how we should look also at the expansion, which is we do it in a disciplined manner. We talked very briefly about this, but it's super important to us. We use efficiently the installed capacity and also we have a lot of overhead synergies in the regions, right? So we're pretty pleased.

Then again, now back specifically to your question, I wouldn't necessarily name or tag Spain as a private label market. There are very, very important brands there. What there is not in Spain or Spain has been deprived from was a distinctive disruptive brand that will drive the oat milk category as Oatly is doing today. And that's what consumers are enjoying, and that's why you see the Oatly brand growing as it is growing.

In France, for instance, where the market is potentially so much stronger, you see some exponential growth rates because of the lack of maturity. The French population has been deprived of oat milk in general, right? And you see they are welcoming us with open arms. So pretty pleased. In a nutshell, the model seems to be working no matter what level of maturity of the market, the news value of the brand makes a difference, John.

That's the headline that I will leave you with.

John Baumgartner -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

Thanks, Daniel.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Brian Kearney for any closing remarks.

Brian Kearney -- Vice President, Investor Relations

Thanks, everyone for joining us. Feel free to send me an email and we can set up a follow-up call if you're interested. Thanks a lot. Bye.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Brian Kearney -- Vice President, Investor Relations

Jean-Christoph Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Daniel Ordonez -- Chief Operating Officer

Marie-Jose David -- Chief Financial Officer

Ken Goldman -- Analyst

Jean-Christophe Flatin -- Chief Executive Officer

Michael Lavery -- Analyst

Kaumil Gajrawala -- Analyst

Dara Mohsenian -- Analyst

John Baumgartner -- Mizuho Securities -- Analyst

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Oatly Group Ab (OTLY) Q2 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool