All information discussed today is as of August 8, 2024, and we do not intend and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as may be required by law. In addition, today's discussion will include references to certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, and free cash flow. These non-GAAP measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is available in our press release.

And now I will turn the call over to Rajeev.

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Stacie, and welcome everyone. We continue to deliver strong growth in key secular areas. Revenue from omnichannel video, which includes CTV, mobile, and desktop devices, grew 19% over Q2 last year. Mobile app grew even faster.

Driving this with significant growth in monetized impressions, we expanded existing customers and partners such as Helion, Omnicom Media Group, and Mars, and we signed new marquee customers like Roku and Disney+ Hotstar. Looking beyond these rapid growth areas, our revenue in the quarter was impacted by some macro softness and a large DSP buyer on our platform that changed their bidding approach as mentioned on our call in May. We now expect activity from this buyer to stabilize in the coming months. Importantly, the growth we've delivered outside of this one buyer highlights the momentum we're seeing in the rest of the business.

The programmatic market is rapidly maturing as content creators and media buyers build out their ad tech stacks. And I'm confident that the solutions we offer today and the investments we are making in supply path optimization, CTV, commerce media, audience targeting, and performance marketing will drive long-term profitable revenue growth. It's no coincidence that content creators and buyers are investing in these same areas to scale and grow their businesses. As inventory expands and ad budgets shift to digital, there's a fundamental shift toward programmatic.

To better illustrate this, we need only look at some of the key outcomes of the recently concluded upfronts. With the growing onslaught of streaming inventory now available, the market is maturing, bringing CTV prices down and attracting a greater share of advertisers media budgets as they see higher ROI from this channel. We are benefiting from this lift. In the second quarter, CTV growth accelerated significantly in both monetized impressions and revenue growth.

Adding to the opportunity, many of the biggest names in streaming like Netflix, Disney, NBC, and Roku are opening up programmatic access to their premium inventory, and many of them are leveraging technology to do so. Programmatic is also reshaping ad buying across the open internet. We have seen an accelerated pace of conversations with walled gardens and social companies as they seek access to unique ad budgets and premium inventory available via PubMatic's platform. For example, PubMatic has expanded its work with Amazon Ads to include enhanced API integrations that provide streamlined access to PubMatic's SSP inventory and participation in the Certified Supply Exchange program, which enables advertisers using the Amazon DSP to create unique deals to reach Amazon audiences on PubMatic inventory.

None of these major industry shifts would be possible without the use of cell side technology. PubMatic enables content creators to have full control and transparency to bring their inventory to market. Our solutions facilitate data-driven targeting across their supply, create liquidity for their inventory, and ultimately drive yield in conjunction with their insertion order-based direct sales. We also offer scaled access to ad budgets.

In many cases, we are signing new publishers because of our strong media buyer relationships built over many years via supply path optimization. While early investments with agency holding companies continue to deliver growth in SPO, we are also seeing tremendous success with independent agencies and direct brands. Helion, the consumer health company with a portfolio of household name brands including Advil, Tums, and Centrum, is on a journey to optimize the quality of their media while reducing the carbon footprint of their media buying operations. To solve these challenges, they needed to get closer to the publisher and directly control their media supply chain.

They selected PubMatic to create a global marketplace that meets Helion's inventory quality targets, resulting in a significant increase in the number of impressions won while improving the environmental sustainability and effectiveness of their campaigns. Underpinning the growth in spot activity is Activate. Omnicom Media Group in the Netherlands recently expanded its SPO relationship to include Activate. With Activate thematic offers, OMG curated marketplaces for scaled access to multi publisher deals, as well as direct inventory access to premium inventory.

The greatest testament to the strength of Activate is the impressive results clients are seeing. When Mars Petcare was seeking to build awareness and consideration for greenies pet treats, they and their agency group, M, tapped activate to create an optimized path to premium CTV supply. Key to enabling this is Activate's ability to make the entire digital advertising supply chain more efficient by reducing the overhead caused by multiple technology platforms for each ad impression. Jonathan Tuttle, associate director of media for Mars Pet Nutrition North America, explained that leveraging Activate to go direct to media supply was a game changer for the brand, allowing them to invest more of their budget in working media.

In his own words, "One of the primary goals of our media at Mars is to drive business efficiencies through new and innovative approaches to the way we buy and deliver our media. We were able to accomplish this in spades by leveraging PubMatic Activate." Ultimately, Mars exceeded its sales lift goal by 20% and exceeded incremental sales goals by 126%. The greenfield opportunities we see for Activate are amplified by the growing trends in programmatic advertising across streaming media. These trends mirror what we are seeing across our business with our rapidly growing CTV publisher footprint, many of which are scheduled to go live in the second half of 2024.

We recently onboarded Disney+ Hotstar, India's streaming platform offering a wide range of content across Indian and international titles as a preferred SSP. This summer has been a boon of life sports content coming to streaming devices with the Olympic Games in Paris, the t20 global cricket tournament, Copa America, and the Euros, all occurring within a few weeks span. On top of that, the active political cycle is bringing more eyeballs to streaming media. With premier publisher relationships and media buyers already on our platform, we are participating in the CTV consumption tailwinds.

Additionally, I'm excited to share that we recently integrated into Roku's newly announced Roku Exchange, providing advertisers with access to their highly engaged audiences across premium live and on-demand programing. PubMatic brings the strength of our SPO relationships, as well as unique budgets from Activate to maximize demand for Roku's streaming ad inventory. As I mentioned last quarter, we believe we are in the early stages of a new CTV and online video flywheel for growth. Adding to this momentum is an increase in mobile app, which is the vast majority of mobile ad spend.

Our mobile app revenue grew over 20% for the third straight quarter, nearly double 2020 for its expected year-over-year market growth rate of 13%. PubMatic has a decade of experience providing mobile solutions, empowering app developers, and providing buyers with a more efficient and controlled path to deliver ad experiences on mobile devices. Together, these have resulted in mobile app market share gains. Major apps like DWANGO, NewsBreak, and Talkatone are seeing success through their integrations with our tech.

We see mobile app as a key differentiator for PubMatic among our peers set. We are one of the only omnichannel SSPs to have a scaled SDK footprint integrated directly into publishers apps. This provides us with increased performance, along with greater control of the ad experience for the end user as we render the ad in the mobile device. Programmatic mobile app advertising is nearing an inflection point of growth.

All of the major mediation layers, including APP 11, Google AdMob, and Unity are moving away from waterfall auctions to embrace unified auction technology. This is exactly what our open rep software is built to enable. Open rep SDK showed strong growth, doubling in revenue from a year ago. All of this opens up ad opportunities for more buyers, including performance-oriented brand buyers looking to drive outcomes and ROI within mobile app environments.

Our existing SPO relationships provide us with direct access to advertiser and agency budgets to fill this inventory and take advantage of this growing opportunity. This is one of the reasons Roblox chose to partner with PubMatic. Together, we are implementing programmatic media buying with select buyers and expect to expand access to more buyers later this year. Targeted investments in commerce media are adding significant long-term opportunity and contributing to growth.

Our technology enables commerce companies to build their ad businesses by unlocking the value of their shopper data and ad inventory, both on site and off site. The commerce media market is growing faster than any other form of digital advertising. Our conversations with retailers and transactional commerce companies have accelerated over the past few months as we continue to scale our commercial and engineering teams dedicated to this line of business. We have an active pipeline of over 100 commerce media companies in every region, and one consistent theme has emerged.

Commerce media networks are increasingly in the market for leading SSP technology like PubMatic's. Leading retail media companies Instacart and Klarna, which we announced in early Q2, are expected to launch later this year. Ridesharing apps also present a huge opportunity. For example, Uber's advertising business is on pace to exceed $1 billion this year.

We see this as a growing customer segment for PubMatic tech. And in Q2, we signed Rapidoo, an Indian ride hailing service for 10 million people across 120 cities. Rapidoo selected PubMatic initially for monetization and unified auction technology with the opportunity to expand to on-site and off-site audience monetization as they evolve their commerce media offering. I couldn't be more excited about the breadth of opportunities ahead of us in commerce media.

We see this line of business as a natural extension of our omnichannel platform. As a sell side technology leader, we continue to invest and innovate, unlocking new avenues for growth. As digital advertising becomes increasingly programmatic, both media buyers and content owners are choosing to build their advertising businesses on our platform with several large, exciting partnerships set to launch over the coming months. Our product portfolio supports the key secular growth drivers across the industry, supply path optimization, CTV mobile app commerce, media, and accessibility.

I'll now turn the call over to Steve for the financials.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Rajeev. And welcome, everyone. Revenue grew 6% over Q2 last year, which was lower than expected, largely due to the changes made by one large DSP buyer in late May. This impact was approximately 2 million, primarily in desktop display.

Late quarter weakness in several verticals represented an additional 1 million shortfall. Based on the timing of the DSP changes, our software optimizations will continue through Q3. In the coming months, we expect activity from this buyer to stabilize. Note this was the last major DSP to make this shift to exclusively first-price auctions.

Nearly all impressions on our platform are now transacted via this bidding approach. The majority of our business delivered strong results, which helped partially offset this impact. Excluding this DSP buyer, our business in aggregate grew nearly 10% year over year. Our omnichannel video, mobile, and emerging revenue products all grew well above our expectations.

This outcome highlights the value of our diverse omnichannel platform and productive multiyear investments in key secular growth areas. Looking at quarterly highlights, ad buyers are consolidating spend on our platform. SPO activity, which drives greater visibility and incremental margin, was over 50%. Monetized impressions across all formats and channels grew 12% over last year, and overall CPMs were stable year over year.

Q2 was the fourth quarter in a row where our total monetized impressions grew in double-digit percentages year over year. Emerging revenue streams, comprised of new products like Activate and growing data partnerships and enterprise software integrations, almost doubled year over year and contributed 2 percentage points of growth. We added 25% incremental growth compression capacity on a platform year over year, while at the same time lowered the trailing 12-month cost of revenue per million impressions by 14%, driven by ongoing software optimization. Our cost management and productivity improvements allowed us to keep our GAAP cost of revenue flat year over year.

Gross profit was 42.1 million, an increase of 10% year over year, and adjusted EBITDA was 21 million or 31% margin. Overall, the positive results were seen in the growth areas of our business, and the advertising ecosystem's accelerating shift toward programmatic platforms positioned us well for long-term profitable growth. Breaking Q2 down by format and channel, we saw continued secular growth above market rates for omnichannel video revenue, which includes CTV, mobile, and desktop devices, which grew 19% over Q2 last year, driven by an increase in monetized impressions of over 50%. CTV monetized impressions nearly doubled over last year.

Our mobile app business across video and display continued to perform strongly and grew over 20% year over year for the third quarter in a row. Total mobile inclusive of web app, video, and display increased 12% year over year. We expect continued growth in mobile as we ramp up our partnerships with Roblox and others. Display faced the largest year-over year headwind from the combined DSP change and the Yahoo! business challenges that emerged in Q3 last year.

Despite these challenges, display increased 2% year over year. Excluding the DSP change and Yahoo! impact's, display revenues exceeded expectations and increased 21% year over year. For reference, the year-over-year decline in Yahoo! revenues in Q2 was approximately 2 million. Beginning this Q3, we will lap the step down in the Yahoo! business across the globe.

All regions grew in the second quarter. We also expanded our existing publisher revenues on a trailing 12-month basis, with net dollar based retention at 108%. Excluding Yahoo!, net dollar based retention was 117%. Looking at growth of at ad spend, six of our top ten AD verticals in aggregate grew above 20% year over year: shopping, business, food and drink, personal finance, health and fitness, and style and fashion.

At the same time, we saw a notable slowdown in other verticals: technology and computing, automotive, travel, and arts and entertainment. Overall, the top 10 ad verticals combined increased by 18% over Q2 last year. Our long-term relationships with buyers continue to expand as activity from SPO climbed to over 50% of total activity on our platform. Underscoring the long-term strategic value and stickiness of these relationships.,The trailing 12-month net spend retention rate from SPO partners with at least three years of spending on our platform was 120%.

In February, I outlined our key operating priorities to lay the foundation for delivering multi-year accelerated revenue growth and incremental margin expansion. I'm happy to share that we have made significant progress on these priorities. First, we continue to invest in supply path optimization, adding buyer focused sales team members to address the large greenfield opportunity within SPO from independent agencies and direct brands. We're also focused on creating additional value for publishers and buyers by expanding the breadth of our emerging products such as open rep, an important solution as we differentiate in mobile.

We have also responded proactively to Google's changing plans to keep third-party cookies and are selectively reallocating resources from Google's privacy sandbox to other growth areas of the business. For example, we are reallocating resources to connect in our data-targeting efforts to take advantage of the rise in performance media and commerce media. We are confident that the use of alternative targeting solutions will continue to increase as buyers seek higher ROI and publishers seek incremental ways to increase monetization, leveraging their valuable data assets. Second, we remain focused on optimizing our infrastructure and making prudent investments in capex to keep pace with the success we've had in increasing monetized impressions while improving our margins and unlocking dollars to fund new products.

Two-thirds of the incremental capacity we added in Q2 was the direct result of software optimization as opposed to capex. Our team is driving tangible cost savings while optimizing via software and AI to deliver incremental efficiencies across our owned and operated infrastructure. For example, our engineers are continuously deploying software revisions that improve the throughput of our ad service. Because we own and operate our own infrastructure, we are able to customize our infrastructure to process high volumes of ad impressions while minimizing our hardware and operating costs.

These savings allow us to make investments to drive revenue growth while delivering strong margins. Moving down the P&L. GAAP operating expenses in Q2 were $46.1 million, lower than Q1 and a 2% increase over the prior year. Note last year's Q2 included $5.7 million expense related to the bankruptcy of one of our DSP partners.

Our opex reflects both prudent cost management and targeted investments in technology and sales. Across these two areas combined, we've increased full-time employees by 17% year over year. Q2 GAAP net income was $2 million or $0.04 per diluted share. Adjusted EBITDA was $21 million, or 31%, and included other income related to our work to build and test integrations with the Google privacy sandbox.

This income was received in part to offset privacy sandbox development costs we already incurred during the first six months of 2024. We have a strong balance sheet that supports our long-term capital allocation strategy. We ended the quarter with $166 million in cash and marketable securities and zero debt. Year to date, through July 31st, 2024, we have repurchased 2 million shares of class A common stock for $41 million in cash.

Since the inception of our repurchase program in February 2023, we bought back a total of 6 million shares for $100 million. We have $75 million remaining in our repurchase program authorized through December 31st, 2025. We generated $12 million in net cash provided by operating activities and delivered approximately $7 million of free cash flow. Note over the next couple of quarters, we expect an increase in DSOs as our accounts receivable mix changes as a result of the bidding changes made by one of our large DSPs.

We view this as a short-term phenomenon that will work its way through our working capital by mid next year. Now turning to our outlook. We are adjusting our full-year outlook based on our latest assessment of the DSP bidding change and recent macro trends. First, the timing of the DSP bidding change in late May prevented us from offsetting the impact in the quarter.

This impact was approximately $2 million. Because we operate in a real-time environment, our planned software changes could not be tested at scale until the DSP made its change. Given the complexity of these changes, optimization efforts have continued into the third quarter. Related to this change, we are reducing our full-year revenue outlook by $5 million, comprised of the $2 million impact in Q2, plus an estimated $3 million impact in the second half of the year.

We expect activity from this year to stabilize in the coming months. Second, we are also factoring in into our full-year revenue guidance an estimated $5 million impact related to macro softness based on trends we saw in several ad verticals in Q2. $1 million of this impact occurred in Q2, and we are estimating an additional $4 million impact over the second half. Despite these two factors, we are encouraged by the rapid growth we're seeing in key secular areas of the business, notably omnichannel video and mobile app.

Emerging revenue is also building momentum, growing sequentially quarter over quarter. We also see upside in Q4 from several major customers newly integrated or soon to be integrated onto our platform. In addition, political spend and recent upfront deals with a growing mix of programmatic ad spend will command greater proportions of ad budgets in the second half of the year. For Q3 revenue, we expect $65 million to $67 million or approximately 4% year-over-year growth at the midpoint.

For the full year, we expect revenue to be between $288 million and $292 million or 9% year-over-year growth at the midpoint. In terms of costs, we expect GAAP cost of revenue to increase sequentially each quarter in the low single-digit percentages. We also expect GAAP operating expenses to increase sequentially in the low single-digit percentages for both Q3 and Q4 as we continue to invest for long-term growth. With our revenue guidance and expected cost structure, which is largely fixed in the near term by design, we expect Q3 adjusted EBITDA to be between $15 million and $17 million or approximately 24% margin at the midpoint For the full year, we expect adjusted EBITDA to be between $87 million and 91 million or approximately 31% margin at the midpoint.

Our full-year capex projections remain in line with our prior expectations of $16 million to $18 million with a bias to the higher end of the range as we take advantage of the continued strong growth in omnichannel video and mobile app impressions. Most of our capex will be made in Q3. In terms of Q3 and Q4 free cash flow, the timing of this capex and earlier reference change in DSOs, our free cash flow will be somewhat lower in the short term but revert back to historical trends next year. In closing, Q2 demonstrated our ability to deliver strong growth in key secular areas of the business while achieving robust profitability.

Looking ahead, our strong financial profile and proven durable business model positions us well to manage through the current environment and take advantage of the significant opportunities ahead in programmatic advertising. With that, I'll turn the call over to Stacie for questions.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

Thank you Steve. [Operator instructions] Well, our first question comes from Ian Peterson, Evercore. Please go ahead, Ian.

Ian Peterson -- Analyst

Thank you for taking my questions, two if I may. First it'd be great to get just a little bit more clarity on the DSP headwind. Did that $2 million impact to Q2 come in line with your expectations or below your expectations? And how should we think about that $3 million headwind contribution to Q3 and Q4? Will it be spread evenly between the two or more so in Q3? And then my second question is it'd be great to get some more color on which verticals you are seeing softness in both Q2 and Q3 to date. Thanks.

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, Ian. So maybe I can just start a little bit and then I'll turn it over to Steve on some of the financial aspects of your question. So we're seeing strong growth in a number of secular areas as we talked about, but that is being overshadowed by the DSP bidding change in the near term, where that DSP converted all of its auctions to first price auctions, where historically that DSP used a combination of first and second price. And the good news is that these changes make their methodology consistent with the rest of the industry, which had made this change over the last several years.

So let me turn it over to Steve now.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Good to connect, Ian. So with respect to the impact in the second quarter, because of the timing very late, relatively speaking, to, what we had assumed, we just didn't have time to optimize at scale because we operate a real time auction environment. So it was slightly worse than we had expected.

So that $2 million is a function of sort of the timing. Now, when I think about the impact in the coming months, I think it'll be more weighted to the third quarter than the fourth quarter because, as I said, we have fully engaged on a real time basis optimizing, and we see some really good progress and outcomes as a result of those efforts. Now, with respect to the softness, there's a couple verticals that we start to see softness right at the tail end of Q2. And the reason why we are looking at it closely is that they were on a very strong trajectory, fourth quarter, first quarter.

And then we saw some weakness emerged, and that is continuing to July. So ad vertical number one is the technology area. Strong growth up until, let's call it, about June, and then on a year-over-year basis basically flatlined in terms of other areas that we saw some softness. We saw softness in automotive travel, and arts and entertainment.

And all told, those are important verticals for us and do reflect what we've seen other companies in terms of softness that are seen relative to specific verticals. Now, having said all that, we also saw a really good robust growth in very important verticals for shopping, business, food and drink, personal finance, health and fitness, all grew above 20% in the second quarter. So we see this as, I'll call it, an air pocket, not really a significant impact to the second half, and you can see that in the guidance that we've given. It's really just a couple million dollars to reflect that.

And then the last thing I'll say, ultimately, we feel really good about the core growth of our business, the omnichannel radio, mobile, and these are areas that we've been investing in extensively. And the transition in terms of this one, DSP, we obviously see as a short-term phenomenon and feel that it's going to be something that will be looking at the rearview mirror early next year.

Ian Peterson -- Analyst

Thank you.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

Thanks, Ian. Our next question comes from Shweta Khajuria at Wolfe. Please go ahead, Shweta.

Shweta Khajuria -- Analyst

Hello. Thanks for taking my question. OK. Rajeev or Steve, Traders just reported and Magnet reported yesterday.

They did not call weakness out or any softness out. So any particular reason that you're calling it out in the third quarter guide? Thanks a ton.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. I'll take that. So as we always endeavor to do, we are transparent in terms of the trends that we're seeing, so I can't comment on what other companies are seeing. The reality is we are a very broad scale SSP, omni channel.

We have 20 plus ad verticals for global business. So we really do see a lot of activity across the globe, and these specific ad verticals wouldn't be normally sort of called out unless we saw some trend in the near term. As I said a moment ago, we're not sensing this is a major change. What we, as we always try to do, is put together a prudent guidance, reflecting the puts and the takes, and so that's what we've seen recently.

At the same time, from our perspective, we have many other areas that are growing very rapidly, and I called out the verticals that are performing strongly.

Shweta Khajuria -- Analyst

Thanks, Steve.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

And our next question comes from Matt Swanson at RBC. Please go ahead, Matt.

Matt Swanson -- Analyst

Yeah. Thank you. Maybe if I could start on some of the commentary around some of the emerging products and the cross-sell into the SPO regime. I think you had one good customer example there.

Could you just talk a little bit more about the SPO install base and just, I guess, how much traction there is with the emerging products and kind of getting more leverage, I guess, out of those SPO relationships?

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Yeah. Why don't we talk about -- I'll talk about emerging revenue streams, emerging products broadly, and then we can get into Activate and SPO in particular. So we've obviously been talking about niche products for quite some time, open wrapped solution, Activate, connect, convert, so that's for data and for e-commerce.

And collectively, what we're doing is building new innovative solutions, bringing those solutions to customers that are already on our platform, delivering value for them and also creating leverage within our business. And this is all done via cross-sell and upsell into the existing customer base, in some cases on the buy side, and in some cases on the publisher side of the ecosystem. And in the case of commerce media, bringing in a new type of customer in terms of commerce media networks or transaction or retail-based companies. So we're really excited about the progress there.

Steve commented on the contribution to revenue growth. When we look specifically at SPO and Activate, we're seeing, I think, really good progress. So as a reminder with Activate, we're creating a single layer of technology for buyers to connect with publishers really for high-value transactions like CTV and online video. And it's roughly a $65 billion TAM expansion, and there's been very strong and positive feedback on our vision and capabilities.

So it's resonating. The Mars group and case study, that's I think a great example and indicates that the product is real and it's capable. It's definitely not mature or full featured yet, so we're working on a lot of new capabilities all the time, but it's clearly delivering on the promise or the value proposition. And now we're also scaling it up, so we're seeing a lot of good pipeline interaction in every region across multiple buyer customer types, agencies, and advertisers.

We're signing up agencies at a at a pretty good pace. Omnicom Netherlands, expansion of SPO relationship to utilize Activate is a good example of this. And the product really came from listening to the ecosystem, right? So with SPO, we're spending more time with buyers, we heard about some of the challenges and thought about opportunities that we have to build specifically to help them create more efficiency, create more leverage in their business around some of these transaction types that had not yet moved into programmatic. So we're really excited about it.

I'll turn it over to Steve if he has any comments as well.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. I think just to build on that perspective and excitement that we feel. First and foremost, this set of products has really shown great momentum over the last year. We see growth every quarter sequentially in that as a category contribute two percentage points of total company growth, all of which have the potential to continue to grow and be much bigger parts of our business in the future.

And the other facet that we've shared in the past but is really important to understand in terms of the impact on our bottom line is that we are repurposing leveraging our existing cost base. So the marginal profitability of these offerings is quite high, and so it gives us opportunities to reinvest for further growth and obviously to our incremental profitability.

Matt Swanson -- Analyst

That's great. And then maybe just a quick one on guidance for you, Steve. I know this isn't like the biggest contributor, but it's been a very odd political season from a seasonality standpoint. How are you thinking about when political revenue might come in Q3 versus the full-year guide?

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. The way that we have put together our forecast around political spending is really take a look at the last presidential cycle four years ago. Obviously, we have a lot of contacts, buyers, publishers in the ecosystem. And our latest thinking is that there's going to be relatively little contribution in the third quarter, and the bulk of it will be coming through, and let's call it the last month and a half-ish of the presidential cycle.

So primarily, fourth quarter benefit, and it's really just a function of getting in front of people close to when they're going to vote. So from our perspective, nothing's fundamentally changed in terms of our confidence in delivering a very nice uptick as a result of political. A couple things to call out. Four years ago, we did not have a CTV business.

We then built a business that's growing very rapidly. And as we shared, the monetized impressions are growing double digit. In fact, last quarter, it doubled. And so that CTV business positions us very well to take advantage of political spin, which we do believe we'll index more on the CTV vector.

So overall, we're feeling good about political. It's still early in the cycle, but we do anticipate to get our fair share of political spin.

Matt Swanson -- Analyst

Thank you.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

And our next question comes from James Heaney from Jefferies. Please go ahead, James.

James Heaney -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Great. Thank you, guys, for the question. Can you just talk about the trends that you're seeing on the pricing side? Is it fair to say that that's where most of the softness is showing up? And then any commentary you can provide on just pricing versus volume growth for the rest of the year? And then I had a follow up.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So from our perspective, we're actually very positive about the trends that we're seeing. Number one, our progress for the majority of our business is all volume-driven. As I just mentioned a moment ago, omnichannel video is seeing double-digit growth in monetized impressions on a year-over-year basis, and we're delivering close to 20% revenue in the second quarter.

And so when I look at that part of our business through the rest of the year, I expect that we're going to continue to see very similar patterns, double digit growth in revenues and double digit growth in monetized impressions. Now, in terms of where we're seeing CPM, pressure is really related to sort of the display format, particularly desktop, not surprisingly. And that's sort of the, what I'll call, the instantiation of what we saw from the change with the DSP splitting approach that those CPMs were, um, were impacted. But overall, our company CPMs were stable to up in the second quarter, and that really underscores the value and the benefit of our omnichannel platform, number one.

Number two, the benefit impact from having a mix moving toward higher value formats, i.e., video. So overall, our expectations are double-digit growth in the fastest growing areas of our business. I anticipate display will probably be in the single digits through the balance of the year, mostly coming through pressure of CPM but offset by monetized impression growth. The last thing I'll comment, and I shared it in the script, and that is the core display business that we have is doing quite well.

So if you strip out the impact of Yahoo! and strip out the impact of the DSP, the display revenues actually grew 20%. So what that means is that we are getting the benefit of consolidation and more and more publishers are relying on us to monetize this very important format.

James Heaney -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Great. And then maybe just a follow up. Looking at your Q4 revenue guide, it does look like pretty decent sequential growth and acceleration on a year-on-year basis. Could you just talk about the factors driving that, whether that's some seasonal factors or just improvements that you're expecting?

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Sure. So to frame it out for you and for others of the call. Last year fourth quarter, our Q4 versus Q3 grew over 30%. And so the number you were referencing in our guidance, the implication is that we would grow our fourth quarter 36% versus the third quarter.

And so the build up of that is a couple of things. First, the very strong secular growth that we're seeing in omnichannel video and mobile, and that's going to continue, as I said. We also are anticipating the incremental benefit of political, couple million dollars that will supplement that. In addition, we're going to see the incremental benefit from our emerging products, Activate, open ramp, etc.

And then Rajeev called out on the call a number of major customers that are either integrated or will be integrated, that will add incremental revenues in the fourth quarter. So overall, we feel very good about our ability to step from the third quarter guide into the fourth quarter.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

Right. Thanks, James. Our next question comes from Steve Hromin at Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Steve.

Steve Hromin -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Hi. This is Steve asking for Jason. So just two questions from us. So one, why did the change only impact one DSP? Do you have different protocols for different DSPs? And secondly, more of a housekeeping.

Does your full-year capex guide include capitalized software? Thanks.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

So, Rajeev, you want to take the first one?

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, Steve, on your first question, so this impact, this is really the last DSP of any significance to make the shift from first and second price auctions to first price only, and all other DSPs have made this change over the last several years. So that's why, on your first question, it really only affects this one DSP.

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Now, with respect to the housekeeping, the capex is solely related to PPE: property, plant, and equipment. You'll see in our financials the incremental related to software capitalization.

Steve Hromin -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

Great. At this time, I'm going to turn the call back over to Rajeev for closing remarks.

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Stacie, and thank you all for joining us today. Content creators and buyers are turning to sell side technology and choosing PubMatic to build their advertising businesses. With numerous new customers and expansion of existing customers already on the platform, we believe secular areas like omnichannel video, connected TV, commerce, media, and mobile app will continue to drive our growth. With SPO activity climbing to over 50%, our opportunity will disproportionately grow as the market continues to shift to programmatic.

We look forward to meeting with many of you over the next month at various investor conferences. Thanks. And have a great afternoon, everyone.

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Stacie Clements -- Investor Relations

Rajeev Goel -- Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer

Steve Pantelick -- Chief Financial Officer

Ian Peterson -- Analyst

Shweta Khajuria -- Analyst

Matt Swanson -- Analyst

James Heaney -- Jefferies -- Analyst

Steve Hromin -- Oppenheimer and Company -- Analyst

More PUBM analysis

All earnings call transcripts

This article is a transcript of this conference call produced for The Motley Fool. While we strive for our Foolish Best, there may be errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in this transcript. As with all our articles, The Motley Fool does not assume any responsibility for your use of this content, and we strongly encourage you to do your own research, including listening to the call yourself and reading the company's SEC filings. Please see our Terms and Conditions for additional details, including our Obligatory Capitalized Disclaimers of Liability.

The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends PubMatic. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

PubMatic (PUBM) Q2 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool