(Bloomberg) — The Bank of Japan kept its benchmark interest rate unchanged while sticking to its view that it’s on track to achieve its inflation target, an outlook that points to the possibility of another rate hike in the coming months.
The yen (JPYUSD=X) climbed after Governor Kazuo Ueda said at a news conference that currency movements are having a major impact on the economy and on price trends. He and his fellow board members maintained the unsecured overnight call rate at around 0.25%, according to its statement Thursday.
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The result was expected by all but one of 53 economists surveyed by Bloomberg, given the wide range of uncertainties for the economy including the outcome of the US presidential election.
In its statement the central bank said it needed to pay attention to the course of overseas economies and the US economy in particular. The US presidential vote looms large next week, leaving investors on guard for potential volatility in markets.
Still, the central bank maintained the logic that it remains on track for further rate hikes, despite adjusting some of its forecasts and lowering its assessment for upward risks for the current fiscal year. That leaves investors, businesses and economists wondering if the next move will come in December or January.
The yen gained as much as 0.9% against the dollar to 152.06 after the Ueda comments. Japanese shares dropped slightly amid concern the rising yen will hurt exporters, with the Topix index falling 0.3%. The benchmark 10-year bond yield dropped 1.5 basis points to 0.935%.
“The BOJ is saying that overall it is on track to continue with normalization,” said Toru Suehiro, chief economist at Daiwa Securities. While political uncertainty also rises at home, “I personally don’t think that instability will keep the BOJ from raising the rate.”
In addition to the battle between Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump for leadership of the US, political uncertainty at home is another factor that may have prompted caution at the BOJ for the time being.
Election Disaster
The ruling Liberal Democratic Party suffered its worst election result in 15 years at the weekend, an outcome that potentially saps its power to push through economic measures and nimbly coordinate with the BOJ.
The global market meltdown in August that followed the BOJ’s rate hike in July is likely another element that gave the bank reason to stand pat for now. The BOJ encountered criticism for helping trigger the slump in stocks by not sufficiently signaling its intention to raise rates ahead of time.
“It was difficult for the BOJ to make a move with the political situation and the US presidential election coming up,” said Keiichi Iguchi, a senior strategist at Resona Holdings. “Still, I see a rate hike coming in December since wage hikes are progressing well, and companies, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises, are steadily shifting higher costs to their prices.”
In its quarterly outlook report the BOJ reiterated its intention to raise rates when its inflation outlook is realized. The bank continued to say it expects the underlying price trend to be consistent with its 2% stability target in the latter half of its three-year projection period ending in March 2027.
What Bloomberg Economics Says...
“The BOJ can’t wait too long to pare stimulus further. With wages and prices heating up, and the yen facing renewed downward pressure, the risk of inflation overshooting the 2% target could increase.”
— Taro Kimura, economist
The bank also stuck to its view that there is upside risk for its price view. That’s an indication that despite all the current uncertainties, the central bank sees the longer term trend on track with a possibility it might strengthen, a view that supports the likelihood of further rate hikes to come.
The BOJ also cited “clearly” increasing nominal wage in a sign of greater confidence for a wage-inflation virtuous cycle it’s seeking for sustainable price growth.
Many BOJ watchers see the currency among the factors for the timing of the BOJ’s next policy move, as a further drop could boost inflationary pressures when households are already struggling with the rising cost of living.
If the yen hits 155 against the dollar, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba is likely to signal acceptance for a rate hike, according to the median estimate of economists in a Bloomberg survey. The slight strengthening of the yen for now suggests the BOJ largely got its messaging right for now.
While the result of the US election is likely to send ripples through markets, an expected Federal Reserve rate cut next week may offer help for the yen. Japan’s finance ministry, in particular, will be keen to see the yen staying away from the upper 150 range close to its most recent intervention in markets in July. The ministry has already shelled out more $100 billion propping up the yen this year alone.
—With assistance from Yoshiaki Nohara, Erica Yokoyama, Matthew Burgess and Winnie Hsu.